W H Y S O N O R A
Supply the semiconductor cluster forming next door.
Arizona has attracted more semiconductor investment than any other U.S. state. Three hours from its chip cluster, Sonora is already home to Ford, GE Aerospace and TE Connectivity plants.
ARIZONA'S SEMICONDUCTOR VALUE CHAIN IMPORTS · 2023–2024
Source: Harvard Growth Lab (2025), U.S. Department of Commerce data. 2024 through August.
W H A T A R I Z O N A I S B U I L D I N G
Every stage of the chip, from wafer to package
Arizona, total
Committed by the private sector since 2021
$265B+
TSMC
Wafer fabrication in north Phoenix, total commitment
$165B
Amkor
Advanced packaging and test plant in Peoria
$2B
Advanced Packaging R&D
Federal facility at ASU Research Park
$3B+
Applied Materials
Materials-to-Fab center with ASU ($270M) and a Chandler facility ($200M)
$470M
ASM
R&D expansion in Scottsdale
$300M
Sources: Semiconductor Industry Association, 2024 State of the Semiconductor Industry; invest.gov; Arizona Commerce Authority, Semiconductor/CHIPS Fact Sheet FY26.
The largest commitments are wafer fabs and advanced packaging plants, and each one needs equipment, materials, services and people close by.
WHAT ARIZONA BUYS
15.6×
Chipmaking equipment weighs 15.6 times more in Arizona's imports than in U.S. imports overall, and Arizona's imports of it grew 176% from the 2013–2017 average to 2023. As production expands, Arizona will need more inputs and capital goods nearby.
"This creates an opportunity in capital goods, especially machinery and machinery parts from Hermosillo and Sonora."
Harvard Growth Lab, Nearshoring in Hermosillo (2025)
Other products that weigh far more in Arizona's imports than in the U.S. overall:
5×
integrated circuits
6.8×
printed circuits
4.1×
insulated electrical wire and cable
Source: Harvard Growth Lab (2025), based on U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration data for 2023.
P R O X I M I T Y
Three hours from the border to the chip plants
Hermosillo
Sonora's main industrial city
Nogales
Border crossing
Phoenix
TSMC · Intel · Amkor
Suppliers can deliver the same day, and engineers and buyers can visit and be back home that evening.
Same clock
as Arizona, every month of the year
$20.5B
Arizona–Mexico trade in 2024. Mexico is Arizona's largest trading partner.
452,848
trucks crossed Arizona's ports of entry in 2022
Guaymas
deepwater port on the Gulf of California, connected by Highway 15 to the border
Sources: Arizona Commerce Authority via Arizona-Mexico Commission; U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Road time is approximate and excludes the border crossing.
W H A T S O N O R A A L R E A D Y M A K E S
279,749 people work in manufacturing in Sonora
Hermosillo has a comparative advantage above its peer cities in electrical equipment, electronic components, aerospace parts and machinery, according to Harvard's Growth Lab.
Hermosillo
- Ford
- GE Aerospace
- TE Connectivity
- Latécoère
- ASK Industries
- Federal Electronics
Nogales
- Amphenol
- Badger Meter
- BD
- dormakaba
- Charles Industries
- Humanscale
Guaymas–Empalme
- Ducommun
- Libra Industries
- Winchester Interconnect
Ciudad Obregón
- Radiall
- Kyungshin Lear
Today
Already in the semiconductor supply chain. In Hermosillo, Modern Industries makes parts for machinery used across the semiconductor industry. In Guaymas, Libra Industries builds systems for wafer-fab equipment makers.
Sources: INEGI, ENOE Q2 2026; Harvard Growth Lab (2025); company announcements (2021–2026).
W H E R E T O S T A R T
Enter at the tier that fits your business
Harvard's Growth Lab found that ATP requires skills in line with the manufacturing already present in Hermosillo, so each tier builds on capabilities that exist today.
TIER 3–4 · SUPPLY NOW
Machinery parts, cable and precision components
The categories Arizona imports most, made by suppliers already certified for automotive and aerospace customers.
TIER 2 · NEXT STEP
Electronic components and process materials
Sonora's electronics makers moving closer to the fab, with semiconductor-grade quality systems.
TIER 1 · PHASED ENTRY
Final test first, full ATP next
OSATs can open with lower-investment steps and add assembly and packaging as volume grows.
TALENT
4,815
engineering, manufacturing and construction graduates per year in Sonora
3,864 of them in mechanical, electrical, electronic and chemical engineering, out of 132,989 students in higher education. The U.S. chip industry, meanwhile, expects to be 67,000 workers short by 2030.
Sources: ANUIES via Secretaría de Economía, Ficha Sonora (2024–2025); SEP (2024–2025); Semiconductor Industry Association (2023).
Semiconductor programs already running
Tecnológico de Hermosillo offers a semiconductor engineering degree and opened a semiconductors and aeronautics lab in 2025. Universidad de Sonora, with 36,000+ students, offers semiconductor training with the U.S. Embassy.
Technicians
CONALEP Sonora trains 15,400+ technical students across 14 campuses, 10 of its programs in industrial fields.
Built with Arizona
Arizona State University designs and teaches the Master Class that prepares Sonora's industry, academic and government leaders for the semiconductor sector.
I N C E N T I V E S A N D P O L I C Y
What an investor gets, and the policy behind it
100%
Immediate deduction in the Hermosillo Development Pole
Hermosillo is one of Mexico's first 15 Polos de Desarrollo Económico para el Bienestar, with semiconductors and specialized electronics among its target sectors. Projects within the Pole can deduct 100% of new fixed assets immediately, plus an extra 25% on training and innovation spending, through 2030.
IMMEX
Duty and VAT deferral
Temporary import of inputs and equipment for export manufacturing.
2020
USMCA enters into force
Free trade between the United States, Mexico and Canada.
2023
Mexico becomes the largest exporter to the U.S.
Mexico replaced China as the top source of U.S. imports.
2024
CHIPS Act partnership with Mexico
The U.S. State Department and Mexico began assessing Mexico's semiconductor value chain through the ITSI Fund.
Sources: DOF, Development Poles decree (May 2025); Secretaría de Economía; U.S. Department of State (2024). Incentive terms can change; confirm current rules before investing.
WHY NOW
"…the emerging opportunity to supply and complement the value chain that is forming in Arizona is too large to pass up."
Harvard Growth Lab, Nearshoring in Hermosillo (2025)
Through ATP-Ready Sonora, the state's companies, universities and government work in four teams with ASU and Tec de Monterrey on what investors check first:
SITES
ATP site toolkit
Which locations can host an ATP operation, and what each one offers.
Infrastructure team
SUPPLIERS
Supplier directory
Who in Sonora can make what, searchable for buyers.
Supply Chain team
TALENT
Technician pathways
Training routes from technical school to the plant floor, aligned with industry certifications.
Workforce team
POLICY
Investor de-risking
Clear timelines, permits and answers for companies entering Sonora.
Policy team
See what Sonora can offer your operation.
Request a briefing and we'll put together the options that fit your project:
- Available buildings and land for your size and timeline
- Power, gas and water, confirmed site by site
- Suppliers by capability, talent and permits